WNC Orchard Insect Pest Populations – July 5, 2022
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Second generation codling moth remains a potential threat throughout the region. Degree-day accumulations range from 1320 in Henderson County to about 1660 in Cleveland County. Under low population densities when a single insecticide application generally provides the necessary level of control, the optimum timing is between 1400 and 1450 DD after biofix. Hence, in Henderson County and similar elevations, that timing is this week – 1400 DD is predicted to occur on Friday. In lower elevation sites, an application targeting codling moth should be considered if one has not been made in the past week. Insecticidal control of second generation is generally not necessary in orchards using mating disruption, but pheromone trap captures should be used to verify low densities. Moth captures should remain below an average of 3 cumulative moths/trap in mating disruption orchards, otherwise an insecticide application may be warranted.
First Generation BMSB Adult Emergence
In lower elevation orchards, we are approaching the initial emergence of the first generation of brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) emergence. This adult generation is the major cause of stink bug damage to mid- and late-maturing apple cultivars. Emergence begins at about 750 DD (°C) from 4 April, which is predicted to occur in about 7 days in Cleveland County and similar elevations. It will be almost another 3 weeks before emergence begins in Henderson and Wilkes Counties. The solid curve in the figure below depicts percent emergence of first generation adults, and the arrows show cumulative DDs in Henderson, Wilkes and Cleveland Counties.
Other Pests
Populations of secondary pests including aphids, leafhoppers, mites and Japanese beetles have been very spotty this year. With the frequency of rain increasing in many areas, Japanese beetle numbers may be increasing. At the research station in Mills River, second generation adults of San Jose scale are in the second week of emergence. Control at this time of the year is generally not necessary when populations were suppressed early in the year. Finally, so far we have not seen nor been made aware of any apple maggot activity.
Learn more about southeastern apple insect pests at the Apple Insect Management page.
2022 Average Weekly Trap Captures
| HENDERSON COUNTY | |||
| Insects per trap | |||
| Jun 20 | Jun 27 | Jul 5 | |
| Codling moth | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Oriental fruit moth | 19.0 | 20.5 | 17.0 |
| Tufted apple bud moth | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Redbanded leafroller | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Obliquebanded leafroller | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 |
| Lesser appleworm | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Apple maggot (abandoned and research orchards) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Brown marmorated stink bug (commercial) | – | 3.1 | 1.3 |
| Brown marmorated stink bug (unsprayed) | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Spotted tentiform leafminer | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Dogwood borer | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Peachtree borer | 5.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 |
| Lesser peachtree borer | 30.0 | 27.0 | 41.0 |
| San Jose scale | 0.0 | 27.5 | 22.5 |
| Ambrosia beetle (all species) | 3.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 |
*Note that these averages illustrate only the timing of insect emergence and fluctuations in populations, and are not representative of population levels in any given orchard. The only way to have an accurate assessment of an individual orchard’s populations is to set up traps in that orchard.
2022 Accumulated Degree Days
| HENDERSON COUNTY | ||||
| Jun 20 | Jun 27 | Jul 5 | ||
| Codling moth (Biofix: April 22) | 974 | 1126 | 1320 | |
| Oriental fruit moth (Biofix: April 12) | 1359 | 1541 | 1775 | |
| Tufted apple bud moth (Biofix: April 27) | 1161 | 1343 | 1577 | |
2022 Pest Trends (click to enlarge)
